The so-called gravitational equilibrium surface refers to the surface formed by the same point of gravity. On Earth, we call the gravitational equilibrium surface that coincides with the stationary ocean surface the "geodetic level", which is actually equivalent to what we often call sea level.

In the macroscopic world, the solar system is a system of celestial bodies centred on the sun, in which the vast majority of mass is concentrated and the major planets orbit the sun, while in the microscopic world, an atom is a microscopic system centred on the nucleus of an atom, in which the vast majority of mass is concentrated and electrons orbit the nucleus.

At the time of the "family photo" of the solar system, the Voyager 1 probe has reached a distance of 6.4 billion kilometers from Earth, very distant, so in the view of the Voyager 1 probe, the solar system, the major celestial bodies are very small

Because Mercury does not have an atmosphere to play a role in insulation, so the temperature of the back side of Mercury can be as low as minus 172 degrees Celsius, and because of the proximity of the sun, the temperature of the sunny side of Mercury will soar to 432 degrees Celsius under the baking of the sun, so it can be seen that Mercury is simply a realistic version of the "world of ice and fire"

The earth has been spinning since its inception and has been doing so for 4.5 billion years now, so why has it not stopped yet?

The solar system is a system of celestial bodies kept in motion by the sun's gravity, which means that all bodies within the effective range of the sun's gravity are part of the solar system, so by this definition, how large is the solar system?

Below the solar system, there is a star system labeled "alpha Centauri".

Although the Earth is just a "grain of dust suspended in the sun" in the universe, for us humans, this "grain of dust" is irreplaceable.

The milky way is a huge galaxy with hundreds of billions of stars, and the sun is just one of the less prominent stars that, along with many other stars in the galaxy, orbits the centre of the galaxy.

After the sun evolves into a red giant, the hydrogen in its core is almost completely fused into helium, so the nuclear fusion inside the sun stops, after which the sun loses its internal radiation pressure and continues to collapse, leading to a constant increase in temperature and pressure in its core, while the helium in the central region of the sun is gradually compressed into the condensed state.